New progress in medicinal chemistry of anti-herpesviruses drug research / 药学学报

At present, the most widely used anti-herpesviruses drugs are acyclovir (ACV) and its derivatives, but the emergence of herpesvirus resistance to these drugs forces people to continue to seek new anti-herpesviruses drugs. More and more new targets and inhibitors against herpesviruses have been discovered, one reason is the in-depth study of the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of herpesviruses, and the other is the rapid development of new drug design and screening technology. Therefore, there are more options for the treatment of herpes infections. This review summarizes the representative achievements in the field of anti-herpesviruses drugs in recent years.

Sense of belonging and social identity on the settlement intentions of rural-urban migrants: evidence from China / O efeito do senso e identidade social nas intenções de assentamento de migrantes rurais-urbanos: evidências da China

ABSTRACT: Drawing upon data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) of 2012 and 2014, this paper uses the panel binary choice model to examine the determinants of the settlement intentions of rural-urban migrants. Results showed that both a sense of belonging and social identity play important roles in determining rural-urban migrants' settlement decisions. Besides these, wage, education, and health also affect the willingness of migrant workers to settle in a given area. Therefore, to promote urbanization, policy-makers should pay attention to the subjective demands of rural-urban migrants. We suggested that decision- and policy-makers help such migrants improve their social networks and eliminate identity discrimination, so as to encourage their willingness to settle in cities.

RESUMO: Com base nos dados do Laboratório de Dinâmica da Força de Trabalho da China (CLDS) de 2012 e 2014, este artigo usa o modelo de escolha binária do painel para examinar os determinantes das intenções de assentamento de migrantes rurais-urbanos. Os resultados mostram que tanto o senso de pertencimento, quanto a identidade social, desempenham papéis importantes na determinação das decisões de assentamentos de migrantes rurais-urbanos. Além destes, salário, educação e saúde também afetam a disposição dos trabalhadores migrantes de se estabelecerem em uma determinada área. Portanto, a fim de promover a urbanização, os formuladores de políticas devem prestar atenção às demandas subjetivas dos migrantes rurais-urbanos. Sugerimos que autoridades e formuladores de políticas públicas ajudem esses migrantes a melhorar sua rede social e a eliminar a discriminação de identidade, de modo a incentivar sua disposição de se estabelecer nas cidades.

Transcystic biliary drainage versus nasobiliary drainage during primary closure of the laparoscopic choledochotomy / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To compare the clinical efficacy of transcystic biliary drainage with nasobiliary drainage during primary closure following laparoscopic choledochotomy.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 106 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis treated by laparoscopy at Department of General Surgery, Danyang People′s Hospital from May 2014 to June 2017 were analyzed prospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups by means of random number method: the study group was treated with transcystic biliary drainage, and the control group adopted nasobiliary drainage. The operation time, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups.@*Results@#All patients in the two groups completed the operation successfully. Compared with nasobiliary drainage, the operation time of transcystic biliary drainage was shortened ((133.9±14.7) minutes vs. (143.3±21.7) minutes, t=-2.617, P<0.05). Postoperative hospital stay ((8.2±1.7) days vs. (7.7±2.5) days), the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The quantity of bile drainage was no significant difference in the two groups of patients. There were 1 case of duct obstruction and 2 cases of catheter slippage during transcystic biliary drainage, without causing bile leakage. During nasobiliary drainage, there were 3 cases of catheter obstruction, 1 case of catheter slippage, 2 cases of self extubation, 1 case of bile peritonitis caused by catheter blockage, transferred to laparotomy and T tube drainage. The patients were followed up for 1 month to 17 months, with an average of 8 months. B-ultrasound showed no bile duct stenosis and hepatic function was normal.@*Conclusions@#Transcystic biliary drainage could achieve the same biliary drainage as well as nasobiliary drainage during primary closure following laparoscopic choledochotomy. In addition, transcystic biliary drainage maintain the physiological function of bile duct, it is simple and minimally invasive under certain conditions.

Research advances of hepatitis B virus transmission through tears / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·China has a large number of Hepatitis B virus carriers. Though hematogenous dissemination is the main transmission route, much remains unknown about the way the virus spreads. It is doubted that people may get the disease through various body fluids in daily activity. Some routine examinations in ophthalmology department such as Goldmann applanation tonometry could not avoid contact with patients' ocular surface and may cause virus spread due to the residual tears on the instrument. So it is quite necessary to inspect the tear infectiousness of Hepatitis B virus. This review summarized recent studies about hepatitis B virus transmission via tears.

Experimental research on Arginine-gingipain A gene vaccine from Porphyromonas gingivalis that prevents peri-implantitis in Beagle dogs / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to use Arginine-gingipain A gene vaccine (pVAX1-rgpA) to immunize adult Beagle dogs and to evaluate its effect during peri-implantitis progression and development.@*METHODS@#Plasmid pVAX1-rgpA was constructed. The second and third bilateral mandible premolars of 15 adult Beagle dogs were extracted, and the implants were placed immediately. After 3 months, the animals were randomly divided into groups A, B, and C. Afterward, the animals were immunized thrice with plasmid pVAX1-rgpA, with heat-killed Porphyromonas gingivalis, or pVAX1, respectively. IgG in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after 2 weeks of immunization. Peri-implantitis was induced with cotton ligatures fixed around the neck of implants. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing were recorded. All animals were sacrificed after ligaturation for 6 weeks. Decalcified sections with thickness of 50 μm were prepared and dyed with methylene blue to observe the bone phenotype around implants.@*RESULTS@#Levels of serum IgG and sIgA in saliva were higher in groups A and B after immunization than before the process (P0.05). At 4 and 6 weeks after ligaturation, PD of the ligatured side in group C was higher than that in groups A and B (P0.05). Bone loss in group A was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.05). Abundant inflammatory cells and bacteria were present in the bone loss area around the implants in the three groups, as identified through hard tissue section observation. However, group C presented the most number of inflammatory cells and bacteria in the bone loss area around the implants.@*CONCLUSIONS@#IgG and sIgA can be generated by immunity with rgpA DNA vaccine, which can significantly slow down bone loss during experimental peri-implantitis in dogs.

Disheveled 2 around the implant at an early stage of hyperlipidemic rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to investigate the expression of disheveled 2 (Dvl2) around the implant of hyperlipidemic rats at an early stage after the implantation.@*METHODS@#A total of 24 Wistar rats were divided equally into the experimental group fed with high-fat diet group and control group fed with a normal diet. After 8 weeks, the serum lipid levels were detected, and rats received implants in the femur metaphysis. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 days after implantation, and the bones around implants were obtained. Methylene blue-acid fuchsin staining was performed to observe the implant-bone interface. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), cathepsin K (CatK), and Dvl2. Dvl2 Western blot or immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination were also conducted.@*RESULTS@#In the experimental group, less osteoblasts, lower expression of Runx2 and Dvl2, and lower Dvl2 phosphorylation (P<0.05) than those of the control group were observed; furthermore, the CatK expression and Dvl2 ubiquitination were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hyperlipidemia may suppress bone remodeling around the implant at an early stage by Dvl2 down-regulation, phosphorylation, and up-regulated ubiquitination.

Clinical therapeutic efficacy of intra-aortic balloon pump as an adjuvant treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease associated with chronic kidney disease / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) as an auxiliary treatment of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with chronic kidney disease. Methods One hundred and twenty CHD patients with concomitant chronic kidney disease and receiving PCI in our hospital from Jan. 2000 to Jul. 2014, and 123 simple CHD patients without renal dysfunction, who had undergone PCI with concomitant IABP for the cardiac pump failure, cardiogenic shock, acute left heart failure, unstable angina pectoris (UP) which was not allayed by medical treatment, or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), were selected for observation of preoperative condition, in-hospital mortality and prognosis of patients in two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in general clinical data including gender, age, and concomitant hypertension and diabetes, and preoperative blood lipid, AST, D-dimer, APTT, and international normalized ratio (INR) showed also no statistically significant difference before surgery between two groups of patients (P>0.05). The difference in proportion of AMI, the left main trunk and (or) three-branches involvement was of no statistical significance (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in the incidence of previous myocardial infarction, TnT, CK-MB, Cr, BUN, stent number, IABP application time (P0.05) between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes and the number of stents were independent risk factors for in-hospital and long-term mortalities. Conclusions By means of the effective cardiac assistance of IABP, CHD patients with renal insufficiency have the same short and long term clinical prognosis as simple CHD patients without renal dysfunction who has undergone PCI. Diabetes and the number of stents are independent risk factors for in-hospital and 1-year mortality.

Current situation of the project of water improvement to reduce arsenic in endemic arsenism area in Shanxi province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the actual situation of implementation of the project to reduce water arsenic in endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Shanxi province,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods In June 2011,a questionnaire survey of 151 arsenic endemic villages was carried out in Shanxi province.The actual situation of implementation of the project to reduce water arsenic was investigated.Water samples were collected and arsenic level was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Results In the 151 arsenic poisoning villages 126 villages had changed the water,and the rate was 83.44％.In these villages,22 villages did not use the water improvement utilities properly.Of the 33 water improvement projects to reduce arsenic,23 operated normally.The projects covered 110 villages,beneficiary population of 97 920 people,accounting for 46.9％(97 920/208 736) of the total population.Water arsenic exceeded the national standards(≤0.05 mg/L) in 10 of the water improvement projects which covered 31 villages,including 15 nonendemic villages and 16 diseased villages.There were a population of 24 764 people in the diseased villages.Conclusions In Shanxi endemic arsenic poisoning areas,water improvement efforts need to be strengthened; the quality of water improvement project needs to be improved,and the project's later management and maintenance also need to be further strengthened.

Influence of visual attention in visual evoked potential examination / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of visual attention in visual evoked potential (VEP) examination.@*METHODS@#The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) were used to examine 110 normal subjects whose visual acuity or corrected visual acuity is in the range of 4.8-5.2, and age between 20 to 30 years old. In PVEP inspection, subjects were asked to watch with three ways, to stare at the central screen (at the same time count silently the number of alternating of black and white squares to improve the subjects' attention), to stare at the central screen at the same time thinking other things, to look sideways (the left eye stared at the left bottom corner of the screen or the right eye stared at the right one). In FVEP inspection, subjects were checked with eyes open and closed respectively. The latency and amplitude of P100 wave were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS In PVEP inspection, the latency and amplitude of P100 wave were statistically different among three watching ways. In FVEP inspection, latency and amplitude of P100 wave were statistically different between eyes open and closed group.@*CONCLUSION@#Although the visual evoked potential test is an objective electrophysiological visual function test, it is susceptible to the influence of various subjective factors such as visual attention. It should arise the attention of forensic experts.

Concentration changes of potassium and hypoxanthine in vitreous humor of swine and its application to postmortem interval estimation / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between postmortem interval (PMI) and concentration changes of components in swine vitreous humor.@*METHODS@#Ninety-six porcine eyes from swine dying from acute massive hemorrhage, being randomly divided into 24 groups, were stored in dark situation, at temperature of (15 +/- 2) degrees C and humidity of (50 +/- 5)% for 2-96 hours separately. The vitreous humor was collected. Concentrations of K+, Na+, Cl- and hypoxanthine (Hx) were analyzed by automatic biochemical analyzer and ultra performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC). The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.@*RESULTS@#Linear regression analysis showed that concentrations of vitreous K+ and Hx were positively correlated with PMI(R2=0.767 and R2 = 0.793, respectively). Binary linear regression showed a higher correlation for K+ and Hx with PMI estimation (R2 = 0.866). PMI was not significantly correlated with vitreous Na+ and Cl- concentrations.@*CONCLUSION@#Vitreous K+ and Hx concentrations can be used as the objective markers for PMI estimation. The binary linear regression functions of vitreous K+ and Hx concentrations with PMI are more accurate for estimating the PMI.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose of health check-up in a sanatorium of Shanghai in 2003 and 2010 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the prevalence changes of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) from 2003 to 2010 in the health check-up subjects in Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Health check-up subjects were divided into ten groups by sex and each 5 years old, and the prevalence of crude DM, crude IFG were calculated first. According to Chinese sex and age structure of China Population Statistics Yearbook 2006, sex and age standardized DM and standardized IFG were computed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the same year, the prevalences of crude DM and IFG increased with increasing age for both male and female, reached the summit at 60 - 69 age group, when at ≥ 70 age group, they had a down trend and were still at higher level. The prevalences of crude DM were 3.99% (986/24 699) in male and 1.61% (176/10 948) in female in 2003, and were 7.85% (3366/42 899) and 2.55% (531/20 820) in 2010. The prevalences of crude IFG were 9.97% (2462/24 699) in male and 5.88% (644/10 948) in female in 2003, and were 30.96% (13 283/42 899) and 17.16% (3573/20 820) in 2010. The prevalences of age standardized DM in 2003 and 2010 were 3.89% and 6.90% for male (χ(2) = 371.89, P < 0.01), 2.12% and 3.23% for female (χ(2) = 29.32, P < 0.01), respectively. The prevalences of age standardized IFG in 2003 and 2010 were 9.51% and 28.55% (χ(2) = 3865.56, P < 0.01) for male, 6.97% and 17.88% (χ(2) = 790.81, P < 0.01) for female. The prevalences of age and sex standardized DM were 3.00% and 5.05% (χ(2) = 385.39, P < 0.01), and prevalences of age and sex standardized IFG were 8.23% and 23.17% (χ(2) = 4480.21, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>From 2003 to 2010, prevalences of DM and IFG had increased greatly. It concluded that first-level prevention of DM for health check-up subjects should start from youth, and should lay emphasis on population of IFG, especially for male.</p>

The suppression of c-fos in neuron apoptosis induced by heroin / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the changes of c-fos in apoptosis of cerebellar granular neuron of neonatal SD rats induced by heroin and the mechanisms of neuronal injury caused by heroin.@*METHODS@#Primary cerebellar granular neuron were cultured in vitro, the model of apoptosis induced by heroin was established. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were adopted to investigate the changes of c-fos in cell models.@*RESULTS@#Ten microg/mL of heroin was the optimal dose to induce the apoptosis of cerebellar granular neuron at 48 h. Both Western blotting and RT-PCR showed down regulation of c-fos expression.@*CONCLUSION@#Heroin could induce apoptosis of cerebellar granular neuron and down regulation of c-fos, which may be one of the apoptosis mechanisms.

DNA degradation of porcine retinal cells for estimation of postmortem interval / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate DNA degradation of porcine retinal cells by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) for estimation of postmortem interval (PMI).@*METHODS@#Degradation of retinal cells was observed by SCGE at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24h after death respectively, under the environmental conditions of being kept in dark place as well as a controlled temperature of (15 +/- 2) degrees C and humidity of (50 +/- 5)%. The comet pictures were captured by fluorescence microscope and analyzed by single cell gel electrophoresis (IMI 1.0).@*RESULTS@#From 2h to 24h postmortem, the degree of degradation of retinal DNA increased with the prolongation of PMI. The postmortem regression functions of head DNA%, L(T)/L(H), I(T)/I(H) were y = 92.227-5.188 x + 0.019 x2 + 0.001 x3 (R2 = 0.971), y = 0.035e(0.191x) (R2 = 0.947), y = 0.099e(0.264x) (R2 = 0.955), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The examination of retinal cell DNA degradation by SCGE is useful for estimating PMI.

The relationship between PMI and concentration of potassium ion and sodium ion in swine aqueous humor after death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explored the relationship between the concentration of potassium ion as well as sodium ion in the aqueous humor and post-mortem interval (PMI).@*METHODS@#The concentrations of potassium ion and sodium ion in the aqueous humor of swine within 48 h after death at 4 degrees C and 28 degrees C were detected using Z-500 atomic absorption spectrophotometer.@*RESULTS@#The concentrations of potassium ion and sodium ion in aqueous humor of isolated swine eyeballs within 48 h after death when the environmental temperature was 4 degrees C were significantly related to PMI. The relationship between PMI and the concentration of potassium ion was PMI = -0.178[K+]2 + 49.978 (R2 = 0.995). The relationship between PMI and the rate of sodium ion and potassium ion was PMI = 120.987/[Na+/K+]-28.834 (R2 = 0.905).@*CONCLUSION@#The concentration of potassium in aqueous humor of isolated swine eyeballs may be one of the reference indicators to estimate PMI of the corpses at lower temperatures.

The quantitative analysis of Ub and UbE1 in focus of traumatic epilepsy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in the traumatic epilepsy pathogenesis and its value in traumatic epilepsy by quantitative analysis.@*METHODS@#Fifteen specimens from human epileptic temporal cortex from PTE were collected as the PTE group. Fifteen specimens from non-PTE were collected as the non-PTE group. Fifteen normal cerebral cortex specimens died from acute traffic accident were collected as the control group. The expression of mRNA and protein of Ub and UbE1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Statistical analysis was used to compare the data between three groups.@*RESULTS@#The expression of mRNA and protein of Ub and UbE1 were the following order: PTE group(high), non-PTE group(middle) and control group(low).@*CONCLUSION@#The study confirms that UPS is up-regulated in the epilepsy's focus, especially in traumatic epilepsy. The activation of UPS may be an important pathological change in neurons in pathogenesis of traumatic epilepsy.

Morphology changes of ubiquitin-proteasome system in traumatic epilepsy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of ubiquitin(Ub) and ubiquitin-activating enzymel(UbE1) for the appraisement of post traumatic epilepsy (PTE).@*METHODS@#Fifteen specimens from human epileptic temporal cortex originating from PTE were collected as the PTE group. Fifteen specimens from non-PTE were collected as the non-PTE group. Meanwhile, 15 normal cerebral cortex specimens from people dead from acute traffic accident were collected as the control groups. Observe morphology changes of each group with HE, then with immunohistochemistry of Ub and UbE1.@*RESULTS@#Compared to the control group, morphology changes of neuron quantity reduction, neuron denaturation and so on were observed both in the PTE group and the non-PTE group under HE, especially in the PTE group. Ub and UbE1 mainly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the neurons in epilepsy spot without extracellular expression. The expression of Ub and UbE1 is PTE group > non-PTE group > control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The neuron denaturation are one of the main pathology changes of epilepsy, and it is more obvious in the PTE group. Immunohistochemistry of Ub and UbE1 may be more helpful to distinguish PTE and non-PTE than HE staining.

Outcome analysis on screening of drinking water source with high fluoride and the condition of the water-improving projects in Shanxi province in 2007 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To explore into the condition of fluoride content of the drinking water and the present status of water-improving projects in the endemic fluomsis areas in Shanxi province,and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control.Methods In 2007,according to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control",screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in non-improving water villages of 15 counties(cities,districts).The investigation of all water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).The fluoride content in drinking water was determined by fluoride selective ion electrode(GB/T 8538-1995).Results Screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in 969 non-improving water villages in 15 counties(cities,districts).Average water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 497 villages,accounting for 51.29%(497/969).Average water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 472 villages.accounting for 48.71%(472/969).The overall standard drinking water fluoride content was mainlv>1.0-4.0mg/L,and the maximum average water fluoride content was 8.96 mg/L.The investigation of 290 water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).Among 290 water-improving projects 213 water-improving projects were running normally,accounting for 73.45%(213/290);77 water-improving projects were running abnormally,accounting for 26.55%(77/290).Water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 158 projects,accounting for 54.48%(158/290).Water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 132 projects,accounting for 45.52%(132/290).The maximal water fluoride content was 5.20 mg/L.Conclusions The situation of drinking water fluoride content over the national standard is serious in Shanxi province.The qualification rate was lower for the fluoride content of water-improving projects.Therefore,we should strength water-improving projects to raise the effectiveness of prevention and treatment and assure their quality.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations in gastric endothelial cells induced by extract of helicobacter pylori in vitro / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and the genetic instability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (AGS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After treated with extracts of HP11638 (CagA+, VacA+) or Hp11638 mutant strain (CagA+, VacA-), AGS cells were collected, and mitochondrial DNA was extracted and Cox-I, Cox-II, Cox-III, ATPase6, ATPase8 and Cytb genes and the D-Loop region were amplified by PCR and then sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mutation rates of the mtDNA in AGS cells were correlated with the extracts of the two HP strains in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. But the mtDNA mutation rate in AGS cells treated with the HP11638 extract was higher than that treated with the Hp11638 mutant extract. Total of 616 mutations in D-Loop region were detected, including 489 point mutations, 81 insertions and 46 deletions. Among them, 70.9% (437/616) belonged to GC to AT and AT to GC transition. Seventeen out of 20 (85%) AGS cells treated with extract of HP had mutations in 303PolyC, 16184PolyC and 514CA regions of mtDNA D-Loop. No mutation was detected in Cox-I, Cox-II, Cox-III, ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes, three point mutations were found in the Cytb gene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HP can cause the accumulation of mutations in mtDNA, in particular, in the D-Loop region, and the VacA participated in the process.</p>

The value of TNFalpha testing in evaluation of death due to drug anaphylactic shock / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the changes of the serum TNFalpha level in cadavers of drug anaphylactic shock(DAS) and to explore the significance of the TNFalpha testing in evaluation of death caused by DAS.@*METHODS@#The level of serum TNFalpha from cardiac blood was determined by double antibody-sandwich ELISA method.@*RESULTS@#The level of TNFalpha in the experimental group was (131.6+/-9.4) pg/mL, while the level in the infectious diseases control group and the normal control group were (87.3+/-6.4) pg/mL and (17.2+/-4.5) pg/mL, respectively. There was statistically significant difference among the groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The serum TNFalpha level may be used as one of the indexes for evaluation of death caused by highly suspected drug anaphylactic shock.

Outcome analysis on screening of drinking water source with high fluoride in Shanxi Province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To become aware of the present distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride in endemic fluorosis disease areas in Shanxi Province, and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control" in the year 2004 to 2006, the investigation points were selected in 60 counties at 8 cities of Shanxi Province. The fluoride levels of water were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The fluoride content of water was determined in 2990 villages in 60 counties. Water fluorides content of 1658 villages were above 1.00 mg/L, accounted for 55.45%(1658/2990). The highest water fluoride content was 9.72 mg/L. Villages with high fluoride water in Taiyuan, Datong, Xinding, Linfen, Yuncheng basins accounted for 89.63% (1486/1658) among villages with high fluoride in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi Province the villages with high fluoride water were mainly distributed over 5 basins and scattered on the other areas. The distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride were different in 5 basins(H=316.10, P<0.05). The Water fluorides content in Datong basin(2.32 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of the other basins (P<0.05) and the ratio of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard was 81.16%(336/414) in Datong basin. Conclusions Drinking water source with high fluoride are widespread distributed in Shanxi Province and mainly distributed in 5 basins. The situation of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard is serious. The task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. Therefore, we should strength water improving to raise the effect of prevention and treatment.